Sponge-Like Porous Metal Surfaces from Anodization in Very Concentrated Acids

High surface area metals are of great importance for applications ranging from catalysts and electrodes to sensors or biomaterials. Many patents and scientific papers are devoted to a range of manufacturing approaches commonly involving multistep processing under harsh conditions, lacking general applicability and bearing the potential for contamination. Here we demonstrate the fabrication of porous metal layers by anodization at moderate …