Journal article
Optimal Energy Management for Battery Swapping Based Electric Bus Fleets With Consideration of Grid Ancillary Services Provision
Abstract
In this paper, a novel optimization model is formulated to optimize the scheduling of battery swapping stations (BSS) operating electrified public bus transit fleets. The BSS consists of a number of battery modules that are combined together to create a MW-scale battery storage system. As such, the formulated optimization problem aims at minimizing the running costs of the BSS via i) exploiting the low electricity prices in the market (i.e., …
Authors
El-Taweel NA; Ayad A; Farag HEZ; Mohamed M
Journal
IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy, Vol. 14, No. 2, pp. 1024–1036
Publisher
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
DOI
10.1109/tste.2022.3232696
ISSN
1949-3029