Intra-urban precipitation quality: Hamilton, Canada

Intra-urban variability of H+ (as measured by pH) along with S, halogens and heavy metals are studied in bulk precipitation from a network of 11 collectors located in the city of Hamilton, Canada. Bulk precipitation is shown a useful indicator of both elemental intra-urban variability and sources. Precipitation acidity is an order of magnitude less within urban areas than of that measured outside the city. Bulk depositional characteristics are …