What are the deep causes of inequality? I restrict the meaning of “inequality” to cases where there is a clear moral content, that is, to cases where individuals under consideration are otherwise specifically comparable. I use the word “deep” to say that, rather than being interested in the determinants of inequality (ability, education, opportunity, and the like), I am interested in the determinants of the determinants. It is common practice to search for possible deep causes of inequality in the realm of social institutions. Here, instead, I search in the realm of social values. I argue that to strive for efficiency, for freedom as it emerges from the Property Rights View, and for progress are possible deep causes.