A Scoping Review of the Role of Speech-Language Pathologists in Youth Justice with Application to Canada

The objective of this paper was to describe the current state of speech-language pathology (S-LP) services in youth justice and to form recommendations for S-LP involvement within this population in Canada as a critical preventative and rehabilitative measure. This rapid-scoping review used a systematic search of applicable databases, including relevant grey literature. Included resources were published in English from 2000 to the present and focused on defendants under 18 years at any stage in the youth justice system. The final sample included 19 research articles and 11 additional grey literature resources. Findings were organized into two main categories: a) descriptions of existing S-LP roles in youth justice internationally, and b) S-LP-related research. Recommendations for S-LP involvement in Canada include an S-LP-guided community referral system to connect youth at risk for communication impairments to appropriate services; S-LP communication screening upon detention, with assessment and intervention postsentencing; inclusion of S-LPs in planning and execution of recidivism prevention and transition programs; training for justice and law enforcement personnel regarding the communication challenges experienced by youth in the justice system; and an increase in the use of communication intermediaries. S-LPs can play a critical role in the youth justice system by encouraging and supporting effective communication and full participation. A cohesive action plan that includes S-LP services in Canada is needed to improve health and well-being outcomes of youth in the justice system, at-risk youth, and the community.