The State of Heart Failure Care in Canada: Minimal Improvement in Readmissions Over Time Despite an Increased Number of Evidence-Based Therapies

Background: An unanswered question is whether the combination of advances in medical and device therapy over the past decade has translated into improved outcomes for patients with heart failure (HF) in Canada. Methods: The Canadian Institute for Health Information (CIHI) Hospital Morbidity Database was used to identify hospitalizations for HF among patients aged 18 years and older in Canadian hospitals during fiscal years 2009/2010 and 2018/2019. We assessed interprovincial differences in age, sex, length of stay (LOS), discharge disposition, type of admitting hospital, and most responsible service, for all HF admissions. National and provincial rates of HF admissions and all-cause 30-day readmissions were calculated. Results: After adjusting for age, the rate of HF admissions in Canada was 216 per 100,000 population in 2009/2010 and 2018/2019. The majority of patients with HF were admitted to general internal medicine and community hospitals in both 2009/2010 and 2018/2019. The national, crude, all-cause 30-day readmission rate stayed constant at 20.6%, and the majority of patients were readmitted with the diagnosis of HF in both 2009/2010 (62.5%) and 2018/2019 (59.0%). Median and interquartile range of HF LOS also remained unchanged at 7 days (3-14). Conclusions: The national rate of HF admissions, 30-day readmissions, and HF LOS have remained unchanged from 2009/2010 to 2018/2019, despite advances in medical and device therapy during this timeframe.