Urban regeneration projects add to a vision of renewing old, decaying parts of the cities, typically downtowns but not solely. Globally there have been many cases of successful urban regeneration, some examples include in North America (Chicago, Portland), Europe (particularly in the U.K., La Defence in France, Bilbao in Spain, South Pact, Rotterdam in the Netherlands, Oath Basin, Porta Palazzo, Turin in Italy), Asia (Japan, Korea, Vietnam and Kazakhstan) (Park et al. 2008, Colantonio and Dixon 2009).