Karst hydrology of the Bruce Peninsula, Ontario, Canada

The Niagara Escarpment forms the eastern boundary of the deeply scoured dolomite plain of the Bruce Peninsula. Since glaciation normal channel drainage on the backslope of the cuesta has competed with groundwater discharge to the scarp foot resulting in the progressive karstification of the carbonate mass. Nearest the scarp is a zone of holokarst dominated by vertical drainage and lacking normal surface channels. Westward of this zone are at least five small fluvio-karst basins which have regular surface flow but are drained entirely by sinkholes. Most of the remaining drainage is normal surface flow draining westward away from the escarpment.