Bond-valence analysis on the structural effects in magnetoresistive manganese perovskites

For the perovskites that show colossal-magnetoresistance (CMR) behaviour, we use the global instability index, R1, as a measure of the influence of the static lattice effects on the magnetic and electrical properties. These effects arise from the size mismatch between the ions at A and Mn sites as well as the size distribution of ions at A sites. A magnetic and electronic phase diagram as a function of R1 for (R = trivalent rare-earth ions, alkaline-earth ions) reveals four well-defined regions: paramagnetic insulator (PMI), ferromagnetic metal (FMM), spin glass or ferromagnetic insulator (FMI), and a transition region (TMI), in which the compounds exhibit a variety of behaviours.