Optimising the management of childhood acute diarrhoeal disease using a rapid test-and- treat strategy and/orLactobacillus reuteriDSM 17938: a multicentre, randomised, controlled, factorial trial in Botswana
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IntroductionThe study aim was to determine if rapid enteric diagnostics followed by the provision of targeted antibiotic therapy (‘test-and-treat’) and/orLactobacillus reuteriDSM 17938 would improve outcomes in children hospitalised in Botswana with acute gastroenteritis.MethodsThis was a multicentre, randomised, factorial, controlled, trial. Children aged 2–60 months admitted for acute non-bloody diarrhoea to four hospitals in southern Botswana were eligible. Participants were assigned to treatment groups by web-based block randomisation. Test-and-treat results were not blinded, but participants and research staff were blinded toL. reuteri/placebo assignment; this was dosed as 1×108 cfu/mL by mouth daily and continued for 60 days. The primary outcome was 60-day age-standardised height (HAZ) adjusted for baseline HAZ. All analyses were by intention to treat. The trial was registered at Clinicaltrials.gov.ResultsRecruitment began on 12 June 2016 and continued until 24 October 2018. There were 66 participants randomised to the test-and-treat plusL. reuterigroup, 68 randomised to the test-and-treat plus placebo group, 69 to the standard care plusL. reuterigroup and 69 to the standard care plus placebo group. There was no demonstrable impact of the test-and-treat intervention (mean increase of 0.01 SD, 95% CI −0.14 to 0.16 SD) or theL. reuteriintervention (mean decrease of 0.07 SD, 95% CI −0.22 to 0.08 SD) on adjusted HAZ at 60 days.ConclusionsIn children hospitalised for acute gastroenteritis in Botswana, neither a test-and-treat algorithm targeting enteropathogens, nor a 60-day course ofL. reuteriDSM 17938, were found to markedly impact linear growth or other important outcomes. We cannot exclude the possibility that test-and-treat will improve the care of children with significant enteropathogens (such asShigella) in their stool.Trial registration numberNCT02803827.
