Genetics of Cerebellar Low-Grade Astrocytomas

Low-grade gliomas are the most frequently encountered primary central nervous system (CNS) tumor in the pediatric population. They account for almost 40 % of CNS tumors, making them one of the most common solid tumors found in children. In contrast, adult low-grade gliomas are rare and appear to have a different biology. A number of histologic subtypes can be included in the general term “low-grade glioma”. This classification and nomenclature still stands as the gold standard for diagnosis, but the past decade has brought about an exponential increase in our understanding of these tumors at the molecular and genetic level. This chapter will aim to provide an overview of the current knowledge of the genetics of pediatric astrocytomas of the posterior fossa and will highlight many recent advances.