Nasal high flow oxygenation and non-invasive ventilation and conventional oxygent therapy in the post-extubation and peri-intubation periods

Reintubation after a failed attempt at extubation is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Several noninvasive oxygen support strategies have been used to prevent development of respiratory failure in the post-extubation setting. Similarly, oxygen support strategies may prevent hypoxemia and increase apnea time prior to intubation. In this chapter, we review evidence comparing high flow nasal cannula (HFNC) to conventional oxygen therapy (COT) and noninvasive ventilation (NIV) in the post-extubation and peri-intubation periods.