Effects of spatial sampling density and spatial extent on linear land use regression modelling of NO2 estimates in an automobile-oriented city

Residents of densely populated cities face elevated exposure risk to ambient air pollution. Epidemiological studies often estimate exposure risk with land use regression (LUR) models that predict the spatial distribution of air pollutants using surrounding land use characteristics. We examined the effects of estimating city-wide air pollution concentrations using three spatial extents of sampling (31 km2, 94 km2, and 292 km2). Passive sampling …