Noble-gas reactivity was discovered just over 50 years ago on 23 March 1962 when Neil Bartlett showed that xenon gas was oxidized by PtF6. Pursuant to his discovery, numerous xenon and krypton compounds were synthesized in macroscopic quantities. This chapter commemorates Neil Bartlett and his discovery and covers recent advances (2000–12) in the field. The main emphases are on synthetic and structural aspects of xenon and krypton compounds that have been produced in macroscopic quantities. Formation of noble-gas species in the gas phase and in matrices is also covered along with synthetic applications of noble-gas compounds.