The Microbiome–Gut–Brain Axis and the Consequences of Infection and Dysbiosis

It is generally well accepted that the gut microbiome can have significant effects on the structure and function of the enteric and central nervous systems including behavior. Here we review these and comment on how they may occur as a result of dietary change, antibiotics, or the administration of nutritional supplements such as probiotics or prebiotics. We use as an example of the microbiome–gut–brain axis, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), as …