Skilled control of movement (motor control) requires procedural knowledge which, analogous to the more frequently studied declarative knowledge, is the product of learning (termed motor learning). Following a brief historical review of motor control and learning research, we describe four factors that have strongly influenced the current state of research in this area. Two of these factors, motor control theory and cognitive operations during learning, are discussed in detail. The current evidence in these areas is highlighted for its potential both for future research and opportunities for application.