Network-Based Safety Leading Indicators for Safety Risk Analysis in Construction

The number of fatal injuries in construction was the highest compared to that in other industries for many years. Particularly, a large number of fatal injuries were caused by struck by hazards. Safety leading indicators are the continuous measurements of safety performance of construction work and offer multiple advantages for safety management. However, no safety leading indicators representing the risk levels, particularly, of struck by hazard were developed. Therefore, to monitor safety risk and prevent struck by hazards in a more effective and proactive manner, safety leading indicators representing the dynamic risk levels of individual entities (i.e., entity level) and the whole construction site (i.e., network level) were investigated. A network-based framework with two safety leading indicators for dynamic struck-by risk analysis was proposed. The two leading indicators in representing struck by risk levels were verified and examined using a controlled field experiment and two simulated scenarios.