Spent nuclear fuel interim dry storage; Design requirements, most common methods, and evolution: A review

This review discusses the importance of interim dry storage of spent nuclear fuel. It addresses the requirements to achieve safe and efficient enclosure of spent nuclear fuel assemblies, including providing adequate radiation shielding, maintaining sub criticality, and achieving reliable and efficient decay heat removal process throughout the entire storage period. The review also covers the evolution regarding the dry storage casks and facilities and considers the pros and cons of metal-based and concrete-based casks. Furthermore, two of the most recently deployed techniques for spent nuclear fuel interim dry storage are also addressed.