Testicular cancer is rare, with an annual incidence of 5 to 10 cases per 100 000 men in the United States. A wide range of treatments may be used for testicular cancer, from a simple outpatient surgery with subsequent surveillance to a combination of major surgery or radiation therapy and chemotherapy. When testicular cancer is suspected based on a patient's history and physical examination, a scrotal ultrasound is performed to visualize the primary tumor and to ensure that the contralateral testicle appears normal. Removal of the affected testicle (radical orchiectomy) is then performed, facilitating pathologic confirmation of cancer and determination of the histologic subtype(s). Subsequent options depend largely on the histologic subtype and the tumor stage group. In many cases, multiple options may be offered, and management decisions will be based on individual prognosis and patient preferences based on an understanding of the benefits and risks of each approach.