Calculating absorption dose when X-ray irradiation modifies material quantity and chemistry

X-ray absorption is a sensitive and versatile tool for chemical speciation. However, when high doses are used, the absorbed energy can change the composition, amount and structure of the native material, thereby changing the aspects of the absorption process on which speciation is based. How can one calculate the dose when X-ray irradiation affects the chemistry and changes the amount of the material? This paper presents an assumption-free …