Measurement and modeling of turbulence in the gas/liquid two-phase zone during gas injection

Averaged and turbulent fluctuating liquid velocities in the gas/liquid plume zone of a gas-stirred water model ladle were measured with a combined laser Doppler anemometer (LDA) and elec-trical probe technique. The measured turbulence fields, void fraction distribution, and gas and liquid velocities in the plume zone were used for evaluation of various turbulence models. It was found that, among all of the turbulence models tested, only a …