Modeling of gas-liquid reactions in ladle metallurgy: Part II. Numerical simulation

A combined three-dimensional, Lagrangian-Eulerian model for gas-liquid flow in a ladle was developed. The model compared very well with available experimental results in Wood’s metal in terms of void fraction, liquid velocity, and plume bending. From the model, it was clear that the lateral lift force is responsible for plume spreading, whereas lateral drag forces bend the plume. The model was extended to include mass transfer to rising bubbles …