A Comprehensive Review of DC Fast-Charging Stations With Energy Storage: Architectures, Power Converters, and Analysis

Electric vehicle (EV) adoption continues to rise, yet EV sales still represent a small portion of vehicle sales in most countries. An expansion of the dc fast-charging (DCFC) network is likely to accelerate this revolution toward sustainable transportation, giving drivers more flexible options for charging on longer trips. However, DCFC presents a large load on the grid, which can lead to costly grid reinforcements and high monthly operating costs—adding energy storage to the DCFC station can help mitigate these challenges. This article performs a comprehensive review of DCFC stations with energy storage, including motivation, architectures, power electronic converters, and detailed simulation analysis for various charging scenarios. The review is closely tied to current state-of-the-art technologies and covers both academic research contributions and real energy storage projects in operation around the world.