Changes in neoadjuvant chemotherapy utilization in muscle invasive bladder cancer treatment: a tertiary center retrospective study

INTRODUCTION: The year 2015 brought a major shift in the national health care system in Poland - the diagnosis and treatment of patients with malignant diseases became a priority. Close multidisciplinary collaboration was facilitated to optimize patients' care. The aim of this study was to investigate temporal changes in neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) utilization in patients who underwent radical cystectomy (RC) due to muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) in a single academic center in Poland. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Patients who underwent planned curative RC with bilateral pelvic lymph node dissection between January 2013 and December 2018 in a tertiary care center were included in the study. To assess the response to chemotherapy, tumor regression grades (TRGs) were included into the standard pathological examination of RC specimens. RESULTS: Out of 183 patients enrolled into the study, 105 (57.4%) underwent NAC before RC. Only 1 (4%) out of 25 patients underwent NAC prior to RC in 2013. The percentage of patients who received NAC in subsequent years were: 4% (1/25) in 2013, 36% (9/25) in 2014, 55.3% (21/38) in 2015, 62.9% (21/35) in 2016, 83.9% (26/31) in 2017 and 89.7% (26/29) in 2018 (p-value for trend <0.001). Thirty patients (28.6%) had complete pathological response to NAC (TRG1), 50 patients (47.6%) showed strong response (TRG2) and 25 patients (23.7%) had weak or no response (TRG3). CONCLUSIONS: This study showed an increasing utilization of NAC amongst MIBC patients who underwent RC. Close multidisciplinary collaboration is the key to optimizing perioperative care of patients with MIBC.