Immunotherapy for unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion

Repeated spontaneous abortion is believed to be a manifestation of failure in protective mechanisms which can be induced by alloimmunication either passively using pooled intravenous immunoglobulin or actively by paternal leukocyte infusion. The effectiveness of intravenous immunoglobulin in unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion seems to be enhanced by commencing treatment before conception and maintaining it until the end of the second trimester. Paternal leukocyte immunization is effective in women who have unexplained primary recurrent abortion and who have no antipaternal cytotoxic antibody and no autoimmune abnormalities.