Major Vascular Complications in Patients Undergoing Non‐Cardiac Surgery: Magnitude of the Problem, Risk Prediction, Surveillance, and Prevention

Worldwide 200 million adults undergo major noncardiac surgery annually, and several million of these patients will suffer a major vascular complication (i.e., vascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal cardiac arrest, nonfatal stroke) in the first 30 days after surgery. Studies have identified several clinical risk factors (e.g., coronary artery disease, cerebrovascular disease) to help identify patients at risk of a major …