Cervical cancer screening has been a significant public health success in primary prevention. Since the development of the "Pap test" in the 1940's by Georgios Papanikolaou, the incidence and mortality from cervical cancer have dramatically decreased in countries where programs of cervical screening exist. The objective of the delivery of health care services is to improve patient outcomes and quality of life. The quality of health care is a measurement of the degree to which health care services increase the likelihood of improved health outcomes. Quality of care is a multidimensional concept which requires a broad range of performance measures. Performance is often measured using indicators or standards of care, and determining whether programs of health care delivery and outcomes are consistent with the established standards. Indicators may measure program structure, the process of health care delivery, or outcomes. The selection of indicators to be used in the evaluation of a program should ideally be based on evidence that the indicator is a valid measurement of program quality, is reflective of the scope of care, and is feasible to implement. The indicator should be sensitive to differences in quality of care, easily interpreted, and inform efforts aimed at quality improvement.Program indicators for cervical cancer screening are in use, including coverage, cytology performance, system capacity, follow-up and outcome indicators. However, indicators specifically focused on the performance of colposcopy have not undergone the same rigor of identification and evaluation. Colposcopy is the procedure whereby suspicious lesions, identified through cervical screening techniques, are identified, followed, and/or treated in order to prevent progression to invasive cancer. While the Pap test is a screening procedure, colposcopy is a diagnostic procedure with the potential to treat pre-invasive disease. The success of cervical cancer prevention as a whole depends not only on screening, but also on diagnosis and treatment. As such, quality indicators for the practice of colposcopy are also needed. The objective of this chapter is to review the available literature related to colposcopy quality indicators, and to propose colposcopy quality indicators for use in program evaluation in the screening and prevention of cervical cancer.