Introduction: Implementing a national cervical cancer screening strategy must meet two conditions. First the incidence of cervical cancer must justify a screening programme and second, the necessary resource must be available and committed for attaining population coverage, and ensuring management of test positive cases. In this chapter, we will discuss the considerations that are important in implementing a cervical screening programme. Using the country of Mongolia, we will provide examples from their recent experience of implementing a national cervical screening program from 2009-2013 to demonstrate these considerations. Methods: A literature search was conducted using MEDLINE and search terms including "cervical cancer screening", "program planning" and "programme implementation". Various key documents will provide insight into the Mongolian experience including the results of the STEP survey, KAP survey, individual and team reports to EPOS health management and the Millennium Challenge Corporation, and nation and aimag specific program plans. Results: When introducing a cervical cancer prevention program, policy-level decisions and planning needs to address: 1. Women who are at risk for cervical cancer including their perspectives, socioculture issues, and education; 2. Technology including which screening test is to be implemented, safety, procedures and supplies, costs and systems and health care providers. Once resources were secured to implement a national cervical screening program in Mongolia, a planning team (the Project Implementation Unit of the Mongolian Millennium Challenge Corporation) was identified. They were responsible to the Mongolian Ministry of Health. They engaged stake holders, analyzed the situation, developed national policies, guidelines and standards and obtain support for these. The planning phase of the project included engaging local stakeholders to assess local needs, build program capacity, launch and implement the program and then monitor and evaluate the program. Conclusion: Rates of cervical cancer can be minimized when a cervical cancer screening program is effectively implemented nationally. This process involves engagement at both the policy and at a program management level. The recent implementation of such a program in Mongolia provides examples of options to consider when making program decisions at both levels.