Skin cancer is the most common type of neoplasia in the world, with a predominance in the Caucasian population and a higher incidence in areas with a greater exposure to the sun: it accounts for 35–45 % of all neoplasias among Caucasians. Basal cell carcinomas and squamous cell carcinomas are by far the most frequent of the nonmelanoma cutaneous tumors; but there are also other cutaneous tumors, less frequent, such as adnexal tumors (these are as important as cutaneous “spies” of systemic pathologies as, e.g., sebaceous adenoma is for Muir-Torre syndrome, a multiple oncological disease), neuroendocrine cutaneous carcinomas (Merkel cell carcinomas), dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (Darier-Ferrand tumors), and the B and T cutaneous lymphomas.Although around two million new cases are registered every year, precise information concerning the real incidence of cutaneous carcinomas is difficult to collect, except for the melanoma, in that cutaneous carcinomas are rarely registered on national tumor registers and only in exceptional cases are causes of mortality. It is a different case with respect to the melanoma which have an increase in incidence both in the USA and in Europe estimated between 3 and 7 % per year and represent one of the tumors with the highest rate of mortality and at an age more than a decade lower than other solid tumors. Thanks to the identification of other risk factors, to awareness-raising and education campaigns among the population concerning primary and secondary prevention, and to the performance of mass screening, a significant improvement in the early diagnosis of melanoma has been achieved, the only real weapon in the battle against these highly mortal neoplasia.