Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and the Unfolded Protein Response in Lipid Metabolism and Obesity

Disruptions in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) homeostasis lead to ER stress and activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR), which are implicated in the pathogenesis of many diseases including obesity and type 2 diabetes. In recent years, the ER stress sensors (IRE1α, PERK, and ATF6) and UPR target genes such as XBP1 have been assigned novel functions in the regulation of lipogenesis. Transgenic mouse models and tissue-specific loss of ER …