This chapter contains sections titled: Overview trpv1 GENE STRUCTURE in different Species Alternative Splicing of trpv1 Results in different Functional Variants Functional TRPV1 differences in Nonconserved Amino Acid Positions Structure – Function Analysis Missense Mutations in Non‐Obese Diabetic (NOD) Mice affect TRPV1 Function and Cause Diabetes Functional Polymorphisms in the Human trpv1 Gene Selection Pressure on Human trpv1 Gene? Rare Variants of the Human trpv1 Gene References Overview trpv1 GENE STRUCTURE in different Species Alternative Splicing of trpv1 Results in different Functional Variants Functional TRPV1 differences in Nonconserved Amino Acid Positions Structure – Function Analysis Missense Mutations in Non‐Obese Diabetic (NOD) Mice affect TRPV1 Function and Cause Diabetes Functional Polymorphisms in the Human trpv1 Gene Selection Pressure on Human trpv1 Gene? Rare Variants of the Human trpv1 Gene References