UVX2010, the 37th International Conference on Vacuum Ultraviolet and X-ray Physics, took place from July 11-16, 2010, on the campus of the University of British Columbia (UBC). This meeting was the first of the merged Vacuum Ultraviolet Radiation Physics and X-ray and Inner Shell Processes conference series. The immediate preceding conferences were VUV15 (Berlin, 2007), and X-08 (Paris, 2008). VUVX2010 brought together scientists from countries all over the world working with synchrotron-, laser-, and plasma-based sources of electromagnetic radiation in the vacuum ultraviolet (VUV), soft X-ray, and hard X-ray regions, and developing novel applications of these sources in a variety of fields. Topics presented ranged from basic physics to materials science and technology, from molecular reactions to the characterization of catalysts under working conditions, from biology to medical diagnostics, from metrology to the development of advanced synchrotron and optical instrumentation. There were over 500 oral and poster presentations, with 480 attendees from 29 different countries. This conference took place on the fiftieth anniversary of the invention of the laser and in the year following the first operation of the Linear Coherent Light Source (LCLS), the world's first accelerator-based X-ray laser. It brought together the global community of VUV and X-ray scientists who use synchrotron-, laser-, and plasma-based sources of vacuum ultraviolet, soft X-ray, and hard X-ray light to explore new phenomena and to develop a better understanding of the physics of the interaction of light and matter.