State‐of‐charge and state‐of‐health estimation with state constraints and current sensor bias correction for electrified powertrain vehicle batteries

Pragmatic approaches are proposed to enhance battery state estimation using Kalman filter (KF) and extended KF. Notable novelties introduced include: the use of state/parameter constraints, asymmetric equivalent circuit model behaviour, inclusion of nominal models, and current sensor measurement bias estimation and compensation. The so‐called delta parameters are estimated to handle cell variations, aging, and online deviation of parameters. …