Abstraction in conceptual model design

Understanding and supporting conceptual model design is an important issue in Model Management System (MMS) research. While there are a broad range of aspects which affect conceptual design, this study focuses on the use and the support of abstraction in the design process. We classify the use of abstraction in design into three categories: vertical, horizontal and general abstraction techniques. We then propose a theoretical framework which suggests the completeness of the design, the development of higher level concepts in design, and the design organization as the three dimensions of design output that can be enhanced by effective use of these abstraction techniques. The proposed framework was empirically tested on a design problem using non-domain experts, with a software prototype that provided abstraction aids. The findings indicated significant effects of abstraction aids on the three dimensions of design output. Specifically, training exercises with comprehensive examples of various design strategies significantly improved both the number of high level ideas generated and the design organization compared to unaided designs. The completeness of designs was enhanced by both the design environment structure and the examples and analogies provided during training. The implications of this study are: (a) it is possible to measure the impact of abstraction support on the conceptual design process, (b) the proposed measures can be used in the development and evaluation of design support systems, and (c) abstraction support can significantly improve the quality of design by non-domain experts.