Association of unit size, resource utilization and occupancy with outcomes of preterm infants

Objective:Assess association of NICU size, and occupancy rate and resource utilization at admission with neonatal outcome.Study Design:Retrospective cohort study of 9978 infants born at 23–32 weeks gestation and admitted to 23 tertiary-level Canadian NICUs during 2010–2012. Adjusted odds ratios (AOR) were estimated for a composite outcome of mortality/any major morbidity with respect to NICU size, occupancy rate and intensity of resource utilization at admission.Results:A total of 2889 (29%) infants developed the composite outcome, the odds of which were higher for 16–29, 30–36 and >36-bed NICUs compared with <16-bed NICUs (AOR (95% CI): 1.47 (1.25–1.73); 1.49 (1.25–1.78); 1.55 (1.29–1.87), respectively) and for NICUs with higher resource utilization at admission (AOR: 1.30 (1.08–1.56), Q4 vs Q1) but not different according to NICU occupancy.Conclusion:Larger NICUs and more intense resource utilization at admission are associated with higher odds of a composite adverse outcome in very preterm infants.