Do Larval Damselflies make Adaptive Choices When Exposed to Both Parasites and Predators?

Abstract The importance of multiple enemies from different trophic levels on investment in defence by prey has, with some exceptions, received little attention. Some defences may make the victim more susceptible to other enemies; this latter situation applies to predators and parasites of larval damselflies. Baker and Smith [ Oecologia 109 (1997) 622) showed that larval damselflies were as active in the presence of both mites and fish as they …