The Etiology of Femoroacetabular Impingement

Context:Several risk factors may cause femoroacetabular impingement (FAI). Knowledge of causation would identify patients for early intervention, prior to the development of painful intra-articular damage.Data Sources:PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and related article reference lists were screened for relevant studies published between January 2000 and December 2013.Study Selection:Inclusion criteria were (1) etiology of FAI, (2) original FAI clinical data, and (3) English language. Case reports of fewer than 3 patients were excluded.Study Design:Systematic review.Level of Evidence:Level 4.Results:In all, 754 studies were screened, with 18 meeting the eligibility criteria. There were 13 comparative observational studies and 5 case series. The studies pertained to intrinsic patient factors (n = 2), activity/developmental factors (n = 8), hip disease (n = 5), postsurgical changes (n = 2), and malunion after hip fracture (n = 1).Conclusion:A combination of intrinsic patient and developmental factors, activities involving repetitive hip motion, pediatric hip disease, and hip-related surgical procedures may contribute to the development of FAI.

The Etiology of Femoroacetabular Impingement Journal Articles