Towards a service-oriented cyber–physical systems of systems for smart city mobility applications

The wide adoption of smart city solutions has proven that information and communication technologies can effectively address many of the challenges in modern cities such as safety, mobility, and sustainability. A contemporary challenge in smart city environments is to improve solution efficiencies by constructing systems of systems where isolated domains are seamlessly combined to render integrated services to stakeholders and end users. This paper proposes a coordination and integration framework that supports day-to-day intelligent transportation operations in smart cities in the context of the Internet of Things. The framework defines three pillars to combine and integrate dispersed cyber–physical components providing means to support coordinated planning among city stakeholders. The paper discusses the operation of these pillars and demonstrates how they can be used to enable the dynamic provisioning of integrated intelligent systems of systems transportation operations.