Effects of Rayleigh backscattering in single-source bidirectional fiber-optic systems using different modulation formats for downstream and upstream transmission

Statistical properties of Rayleigh backscattering in bidirectional fiber-to-the-home passive optical networks based on on–off keying (OOK), frequency-shift keying (FSK), and differential phase-shift keying (DPSK) modulation formats have been studied. The error probability (BER) for bidirectional transmission systems using FSK or DPSK format for downstream and OOK format for upstream has been examined in the optical line terminal (OLT) and …