A novel structural singularity in vacuum-deposited thin films: The mechanism of critical optimization of thin film properties

A wide range of vacuum-deposited materials (both organic and inorganic) has previously been shown to exhibit sharply optimized properties (including carrier mobility, smoothness, epitaxial order, electrophotographic performance, photovoltaic and photo-e.m.f. effects, and optical properties) when the condensation (substrate) temperatures are held in a very narrow range near 0.33 of the respective normal boiling points. This relationship held for …