Effect of secondary hardening on cutting forces, cutting temperature, and tool wear in hard turning of high alloy tool steels

Secondary hardening is a phenomenon that occurs during tempering of some alloy tool steels. The effects of such a phenomenon on hard machining have not been investigated yet. The present work demonstrates the effects of secondary hardening on machinability through the measurements of cutting forces, cutting temperature, and tool wear in hard turning T15 HSS, which has a high tendency for secondary hardening. Hardened D2 tool steel has also been machined for comparison.