Numerical treatment of the spherically symmetric general-relativistic Boltzmann equation for massless and massive particles

The Arnowitt-Deser-Misner formalism is used to write the Einstein-Boltzmann coupled system of equations. The sources of gravitational field are represented by ordinary matter described by a perfect-fluid approximation together with a particle gas described by a phase-space distribution function obeying the general-relativistic Boltzmann transport equation. Through the use of the Liouville operator in phase space, we obtain a form of the …