On attempts to make the interaction parameter formalism thermodynamically consistent

Although the interaction parameter formalism serves the needs of steelmakers quite well, it is thermodynamically inconsistent, because corresponding expressions for the activity coefficients do not satisfy the Gibbs–Duhem equation. Pelton and Bale amended the formalism and made it thermodynamically consistent. That new modified interaction parameter formalism preserved the expediency of original Wagner's formulae, because it required nothing in …