selected scholarly activity
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academic article
- Five-Year Patient-Reported Outcomes in NRG Oncology RTOG 0938, Evaluating Two Ultrahypofractionated Regimens for Prostate Cancer. International Journal of Radiation: Oncology - Biology - Physics. 116:770-778. 2023
- The Journey of Radiotherapy Dose Escalation in High Risk Prostate Cancer; Conventional Dose Escalation to Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy (SBRT) Boost Treatments. Clinical Genitourinary Cancer. 20:e25-e38. 2022
- A Randomized Phase II Trial of Prostate Boost Irradiation With Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy (SBRT) or Conventional Fractionation (CF) External Beam Radiotherapy (EBRT) in Locally Advanced Prostate Cancer: The PBS Trial (NCT03380806). Clinical Genitourinary Cancer. 18:e410-e415. 2020
- Outcomes of trimodality bladder-sparing therapy for muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Journal of the Canadian Urological Association. 14:123-130. 2020
- Continuing towards optimization of bladder cancer care in Canada: Summary of the 3rd Bladder Cancer Canada-Canadian Urological Association- Canadian Urologic Oncology Group (BCC-CUA-CUOG) bladder cancer quality of care consensus meeting. Journal of the Canadian Urological Association. 14:E115-E125. 2020
- Prostate Cancer Radiotherapy: An Evolving Paradigm. Journal of Clinical Oncology. 36:2909-2913. 2018
- Patient Reported Outcomes in NRG Oncology RTOG 0938, Evaluating Two Ultrahypofractionated Regimens for Prostate Cancer. International Journal of Radiation: Oncology - Biology - Physics. 102:287-295. 2018
- Metastasis-Free Survival Is a Strong Surrogate of Overall Survival in Localized Prostate Cancer. Journal of Clinical Oncology. 35:3097-3104. 2017
- Randomized Trial of a Hypofractionated Radiation Regimen for the Treatment of Localized Prostate Cancer. Journal of Clinical Oncology. 35:1884-1890. 2017
- Supplementary data: External validation of the ProCaRS nomograms and comparison of existing risk-stratification tools for localized prostate cancer. Journal of the Canadian Urological Association. 11:126-126. 2017
- Stereotactic Ablative Radiotherapy Versus Low Dose Rate Brachytherapy or External Beam Radiotherapy: Propensity Score Matched Analyses of Canadian Data. Clinical Oncology. 29:161-170. 2017
- Radiation with or without Antiandrogen Therapy in Recurrent Prostate Cancer. New England Journal of Medicine. 376:417-428. 2017
- External validation of the ProCaRS nomograms and comparison of existing risk-stratification tools for localized prostate cancer. Journal of the Canadian Urological Association. 11:94-94. 2017
- Acute and late urinary toxicity following radiation in men with an intact prostate gland or after a radical prostatectomy: A secondary analysis of RTOG 94-08 and 96-01. Urologic Oncology: seminars and original investigations. 34:430.e1-430.e7. 2016
- The Technique, Resources and Costs of Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy of Prostate Cancer. Technology in Cancer Research and Treatment. 15:171-178. 2016
- Inhibition of carbonic anhydrase IX (CA9) sensitizes renal cell carcinoma to ionizing radiation. Oncology Reports: an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in oncology. 34:1968-1976. 2015
- Development of ProCaRS Clinical Nomograms for Biochemical Failure-free Survival Following Either Low-Dose Rate Brachytherapy or Conventionally Fractionated External Beam Radiation Therapy for Localized Prostate Cancer. Cureus. 7:e276. 2015
- Brachytherapy Improves Biochemical Failure–Free Survival in Low- and Intermediate-Risk Prostate Cancer Compared With Conventionally Fractionated External Beam Radiation Therapy: A Propensity Score Matched Analysis. International Journal of Radiation: Oncology - Biology - Physics. 91:505-516. 2015
- Duration of Androgen Suppression Before Radiotherapy for Localized Prostate Cancer: Radiation Therapy Oncology Group Randomized Clinical Trial 9910. Journal of Clinical Oncology. 33:332-339. 2015
- Recommended Patient-Reported Core Set of Symptoms to Measure in Prostate Cancer Treatment Trials. Journal of the National Cancer Institute. 106:dju132. 2014
- The Prostate Cancer Risk Stratification Project: Database Construction and Risk Stratification Outcome Analysis. Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network : JNCCN. 12:60-69. 2014
- The prostate cancer risk stratification (ProCaRS) project: Recursive partitioning risk stratification analysis. Radiotherapy and Oncology. 109:204-210. 2013
- Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled, Trial of Risedronate for the Prevention of Bone Mineral Density Loss in Nonmetastatic Prostate Cancer Patients Receiving Radiation Therapy Plus Androgen Deprivation Therapy. International Journal of Radiation: Oncology - Biology - Physics. 85:1239-1245. 2013
- Pre-treatment risk stratification of prostate cancer patients: A critical review. Journal of the Canadian Urological Association. 6:121-127. 2012
- Resveratrol enhances prostate cancer cell response to ionizing radiation. Modulation of the AMPK, Akt and mTOR pathways. Radiation Oncology. 6:144. 2011
- High-intensity Focused Ultrasound for Prostate Cancer: a Systematic Review. Clinical Oncology. 23:117-127. 2011
- High-intensity focused ultrasound for prostate cancer: a practice guideline. Journal of the Canadian Urological Association. 4:232-232. 2010
- Long-Term Results of Hypofractionated Radiation Therapy for Breast Cancer. New England Journal of Medicine. 362:513-520. 2010
- Management of Stage I Seminomatous Testicular Cancer: a Systematic Review. Clinical Oncology. 22:6-16. 2010
- Hormone use after radiotherapy failure: a survey of Canadian uro-oncology specialists. Journal of the Canadian Urological Association. 3:460-460. 2009
- In favour of bladder preservation using combined modality treatment. Journal of the Canadian Urological Association. 3:412-412. 2009
- Adjuvant external beam radiotherapy in the treatment of endometrial cancer (MRC ASTEC and NCIC CTG EN.5 randomised trials): pooled trial results, systematic review, and meta-analysis. The Lancet. 373:137-146. 2009
- Salvage radiotherapy following biochemical relapse after radical prostatectomy: proceedings of the Genito-Urinary Radiation Oncologists of Canada consensus meeting. Journal of the Canadian Urological Association. 2:500-500. 2008
- Adjuvant radiotherapy following radical prostatectomy for pathologic T3 or margin-positive prostate cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Radiotherapy and Oncology. 88:1-9. 2008
- Adjuvant radiotherapy following radical prostatectomy: Genito-Urinary Radiation Oncologists of Canada Consensus Statement. Journal of the Canadian Urological Association. 2:95-95. 2008
- Ontario Cervical Cancer Screening Clinical Practice Guidelines. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Canada. 29:344-353. 2007
- Non-hormonal systemic therapy in men with hormone-refractory prostate cancer and metastases: a systematic review from the Cancer Care Ontario Program in Evidence-based Care's Genitourinary Cancer Disease Site Group. BMC Cancer. 6:112. 2006
- Adjuvant radiotherapy in women with stage I endometrial cancer: A systematic review. Gynecologic Oncology. 102:361-368. 2006
- The use of bisphosphonates in men with hormone-refractory prostate cancer: a systematic review of randomized trials.. Canadian Journal of Urology. 13:3180-3188. 2006
- Follow-up after primary therapy for endometrial cancer: A systematic review. Gynecologic Oncology. 101:520-529. 2006
- Maximal Androgen Blockade for the Treatment of Metastatic Prostate Cancer—A Systematic Review. Current Oncology. 13:81-93. 2006
- GU radiation oncologists consensus on bone loss from androgen deprivation.. Canadian Journal of Urology. 13:2962-2966. 2006
- Randomized Trial Comparing Two Fractionation Schedules for Patients With Localized Prostate Cancer. Journal of Clinical Oncology. 23:6132-6138. 2005
- Randomized Trial Comparing Iridium Implant Plus External-Beam Radiation Therapy With External-Beam Radiation Therapy Alone in Node-Negative Locally Advanced Cancer of the Prostate. Journal of Clinical Oncology. 23:1192-1199. 2005
- Prostate cancer radiotherapy 2002: the way forward.. Canadian Journal of Urology. 12:2521-2531. 2005
- Screening Postmenopausal Women for Ovarian Cancer: A Systematic Review. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Canada. 26:717-728. 2004
- BASELINE STAGING OF NEWLY DIAGNOSED PROSTATE CANCER: A SUMMARY OF THE LITERATURE. Investigative Urology. 171:2122-2127. 2004
- Combined gamma‐irradiation and subsequent cisplatin treatment in human squamous carcinoma cell lines sensitive and resistant to cisplatin. International Journal of Radiation Biology. 80:291-299. 2004
- Concurrent Cisplatin-based Chemotherapy plus Radiotherapy for Cervical Cancer:. Clinical Oncology. 16:160-161. 2004
- Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy for Transitional Cell Carcinoma of the Bladder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Investigative Urology. 171:561-569. 2004
- The use of conformal radiotherapy and the selection of radiation dose in T1 or T2 low or intermediate risk prostate cancer – a systematic review. Radiotherapy and Oncology. 64:239-250. 2002
- Randomized Trial of Breast Irradiation Schedules After Lumpectomy for Women With Lymph Node-Negative Breast Cancer. Journal of the National Cancer Institute. 94:1143-1150. 2002
- Concurrent Cisplatin-based Chemotherapy plus Radiotherapy for Cervical Cancer–a Meta-analysis. Clinical Oncology. 14:203-212. 2002
- Prostate cancer: risk categories and role of hormones and radiotherapy.. Canadian Journal of Urology. 9 Suppl 1:26-29. 2002
- Phase III trial comparing radical radiotherapy with and without cisplatin chemotherapy in patients with advanced squamous cell cancer of the cervix.. Journal of Clinical Oncology. 20:966-972. 2002
- Seed implant brachytherapy for prostate cancer - Reply. CMAJ. 165:1004-1004. 2001
- Controversies in prostate cancer radiotherapy: consensus development.. Canadian Journal of Urology. 8:1314-1322. 2001
- Cutaneous Metastasis of Papillary Serous Uterine Cancer. Gynecologic Oncology. 82:208-211. 2001
- Systematic overview of the evidence for brachytherapy in clinically localized prostate cancer.. CMAJ. 164:975-981. 2001
- Surveillance programs for early stage non-seminomatous testicular cancer: a practice guideline.. Canadian Journal of Urology. 8:1184-1192. 2001
- Radiation Therapy Oncology Group. Research Plan 2002-2006. Gynecology Cancer Working Group.. International Journal of Radiation: Oncology - Biology - Physics. 51:58-59. 2001
- Use of topotecan in pre-treated recurrent or relapsed ovarian cancer patients. Current Oncology. 7:136-148. 2000
- Pre-exposure of human squamous carcinoma cells to low-doses of gamma-rays leads to an increased resistance to subsequent low-dose cisplatin treatment. International Journal of Radiation Biology. 75:963-972. 1999
- Use of strontium-89 in endocrine-refractory prostate cancer metastatic to bone. Provincial Genitourinary Cancer Disease Site Group.. Cancer Prevention and Control. 2:79-87. 1998
- Reply. Gynecologic Oncology. 66:542-542. 1997
- A Phase II Study of Leuprolide in Advanced/Recurrent Endometrial Cancer. Gynecologic Oncology. 64:126-129. 1997
- Phase II Study to Evaluate the Toxicity and Efficacy of Concurrent Cisplatin and Radiation Therapy in the Treatment of Patients with Locally Advanced Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Cervix. Gynecologic Oncology. 58:38-41. 1995
- Breast irradiation postlumpectomy: development and evaluation of a decision instrument.. Journal of Clinical Oncology. 13:847-853. 1995
- Patient preference for high or low dose rate brachytherapy in carcinoma of the cervix. Radiotherapy and Oncology. 33:187-194. 1994
- High dose rate versus low dose rate brachytherapy for squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix: an economic analysis. British Journal of Radiology. 67:1113-1120. 1994
- Results of a randomized phase-III trial to evaluate the efficacy of strontium-89 adjuvant to local field external beam irradiation in the management of endocrine resistant metastatic prostate cancer. International Journal of Radiation: Oncology - Biology - Physics. 25:805-813. 1993
- Primitive neuroectodermal tumors of the uterus: A report of four cases. Human Pathology. 23:1120-1129. 1992
- The use of CT for selectron patients. Medical Dosimetry. 15:193-197. 1990
- Determination of human skin pain threshold using 27 MHz radiofrequency heating. British Journal of Radiology. 61:344-345. 1988
- The relationship between the bladder and the cervix in patients undergoing intracavitary therapy. British Journal of Radiology. 60:355-359. 1987
- Pre-treatment risk stratification of prostate cancer patients:A critical review. Journal of the Canadian Urological Association. 6.
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conference paper
- Long-Term Outcomes of Microinvasive Breast Cancer in the Canadian Hypofractionation Trial. International Journal of Radiation: Oncology - Biology - Physics. S56-S57. 2017
- Randomized Study of Quality of Life in Patients with High-Risk Prostate Cancer Undergoing Radiotherapy: Role of Pelvic Nodal IMRT. International Journal of Radiation: Oncology - Biology - Physics. E211-E212. 2017
- Investigation Into the Feasibility of Having Uniform Compliance Dosimetric Criteria Across Radiation Therapy Treatment Modalities for NRG Oncology/RTOG 0938 by Using Machine Learning. International Journal of Radiation: Oncology - Biology - Physics. E230-E231. 2016
- NRG Oncology/RTOG 9601, a phase III trial in prostate cancer patients: Anti-androgen therapy (AAT) with bicalutamide during and after salvage radiation therapy (RT) following radical prostatectomy (RP) and an elevated PSA.. Journal of Clinical Oncology. 3-3. 2016
- Patient reported outcomes in NRG Oncology/RTOG 0938, evaluating two ultrahypofractionated regimens (UHR) for prostate cancer (CaP).. Journal of Clinical Oncology. 27-27. 2016
- The RADICAL-PC trial.. Journal of Clinical Oncology. 178-178. 2016
- Patient-Reported Outcomes in NRG Oncology/RTOG 0938, a Randomized Phase 2 Study Evaluating 2 Ultrahypofractionated Regimens (UHRs) for Prostate Cancer. International Journal of Radiation: Oncology - Biology - Physics. 2-2. 2016
- Report of NRG Oncology/RTOG 9601, A Phase 3 Trial in Prostate Cancer: Anti-androgen Therapy (AAT) With Bicalutamide During and After Radiation Therapy (RT) in Patients Following Radical Prostatectomy (RP) With pT2-3pN0 Disease and an Elevated PSA. International Journal of Radiation: Oncology - Biology - Physics. 3-3. 2016
- Acute Toxicity and Quality of Life of Hypofractionated Radiation Therapy for Breast Cancer. International Journal of Radiation: Oncology - Biology - Physics. S59-S59. 2015
- Nadir Prostate-Specific Antigen After Neoadjuvant Androgen Suppression (AS) in Prostate Cancer Patients Receiving Short-term AS and Radiation Therapy: Pooled Analysis of Four NRG Oncology/RTOG Randomized Clinical Trials. International Journal of Radiation: Oncology - Biology - Physics. S46-S46. 2015
- Post–Biochemical Failure Risk Stratification to Predict Survival in Prostate Cancer: A Recursive Partitioning Analysis. International Journal of Radiation: Oncology - Biology - Physics. E192-E192. 2015
- Abstract 4346: Prognostic gene signature for intermediate risk prostate cancer. Cancer Research. 4346-4346. 2015
- Comparison of LDR Brachytherapy Versus External Beam Radiation Therapy for Low- And Intermediate-Risk Prostate Cancer: A Propensity-Score Matched Analysis. International Journal of Radiation: Oncology - Biology - Physics. S414-S415. 2014
- Stereotactic Ablative Radiation Therapy Versus Low-Dose-Rate Brachytherapy: A Propensity Matched Analysis of Canadian Data. International Journal of Radiation: Oncology - Biology - Physics. S424-S424. 2014
- The Significance of p16 and p53 Expression on Clinical Outcome in Patients with Anal Cancer Treated with Chemoradiation Therapy: An Analysis of RTOG 98-11. International Journal of Radiation: Oncology - Biology - Physics. S32-S32. 2014
- Acute and Late Urinary Toxicity After Radiation Therapy in Men With and Without an Intact Prostate Gland: A Secondary Analysis of RTOG 9408 and 9601 Suggesting This Toxicity is Not Due to Bladder Injury. International Journal of Radiation: Oncology - Biology - Physics. S14-S14. 2012
- The Prostate Cancer Risk Stratification (ProCaRS) Project: Database Construction and Outcome Analysis. International Journal of Radiation: Oncology - Biology - Physics. S57-S57. 2012
- The Prostate Cancer Risk Stratification (ProCaRS) Project: Recursive Partitioning Risk Stratification Analysis. International Journal of Radiation: Oncology - Biology - Physics. S181-S182. 2012
- Double-blinded, Placebo-controlled Randomized Study Evaluating the Efficacy of Risedronate to Prevent the Loss of Bone Mineral Density in Non-metastatic Prostate Cancer Patients Undergoing Radiotherapy Plus 2-3 Years of Androgen Ablation Therapy. International Journal of Radiation: Oncology - Biology - Physics. S42-S42. 2011
- 536 oral RTOG 9601: SALVAGE RT & ANTI-ANDROGEN THERAPY IN PROSTATE CANCER PATIENTS WITH ELEVATED PSA AFTER SURGERY. Radiotherapy and Oncology. S219-S219. 2011
- Initial report of RTOG 9601, a phase III trial in prostate cancer: Effect of anti-androgen therapy (AAT) with bicalutamide during and after radiation therapy (RT) on freedom from progression and incidence of metastatic disease in patients following radical prostatectomy (RP) with pT2-3,N0 disease and elevated PSA levels. Journal of Clinical Oncology. 2011
- Initial Report of RTOG 9601: A Phase III Trial in Prostate Cancer: Anti-androgen Therapy (AAT) with Bicalutamide during and after Radiation Therapy (RT) Improves Freedom from Progression and Reduces the Incidence of Metastatic Disease in Patients following Radical Prostatectomy (RP) with pT2-3, N0 Disease, and Elevated PSA Levels. International Journal of Radiation: Oncology - Biology - Physics. S27-S27. 2010
- FEASIBILITY OF BONE MARROW SPARING USING INTENSITY MODULATED RADIOTHERAPY IN A PATIENT WITH INTERMEDIATE RISK PROSTATE CANCER AND COMPROMISED PLATELET COUNT DUE TO CHRONIC IDIOPATHIC THROMBOCYTOPENIC PURPURA.. Radiotherapy and Oncology. S500-S501. 2010
- ACUTE URINARY MORBIDITY OF RADIOTHERAPY FOR LOCALIZED PROSTATE CANCER: DO PATIENTS UNDERGOING CONFORMAL RADIATION THERAPY WITH IMPLANTED GOLD SEEDS HAVE MORE URINARY SYMPTOMS DURING RADIATION THERAPY?. Radiotherapy and Oncology. S52-S53. 2008
- Adjuvant External Beam Radiotherapy in the Treatment of Endometrial Cancer: Results of the Randomized MRC ASTEC and NCIC CTG EN.5 Trials, A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. International Journal of Radiation: Oncology - Biology - Physics. S353-S354. 2008
- IMPACT OF BLADDER FILLING (FULL OR EMPTY) ON DOSE VOLUME HISTOGRAMS IN RADIATION PLANNING FOR POST-PROSTATECTOMY PATIENTS. Radiotherapy and Oncology. S54-S54. 2008
- INFLUENCE OF GOLD SEED IMPLANTATION ON DEFINING TARGET VOLUMES FOR CONFORMAL RADIOTHERAPY OF PROSTATE CANCER. Radiotherapy and Oncology. S51-S51. 2008
- INVESTIGATING RESVERATROL IN COMBINATION WITH RADIATION IN PROSTATE CANCER. Radiotherapy and Oncology. S37-S37. 2008
- Influence of Gold Seed Implantation on Defining Target Volumes for Conformal Radiotherapy of Prostate Cancer. International Journal of Radiation: Oncology - Biology - Physics. S322-S322. 2008
- 226 Timing of androgen deprivation therapy after radical radiotherapy failure — A survey of Canadian practitioners. Radiotherapy and Oncology. S66-S66. 2006
- 34 Phase 2 study of neoadjuvant docetaxel and androgen suppression (AS) Plus Radiation Therapy (RT) for high risk localized prostate cancer (HRLCaP). Radiotherapy and Oncology. S10-S11. 2006
- Phase II study of neoadjuvant docetaxel and androgen suppression (AS) plus radiation therapy (RT) for high-risk localized prostate cancer (HRLCaP).. Journal of Clinical Oncology. 249S-249S. 2006
- 121 The use of bisphosphonates in men with hormone-refractory prostate cancer: A systematic review of randomized trials. Radiotherapy and Oncology. S36-S36. 2005
- 14 Randomized Trial Comparing Iridium Plus External-Beam Radiation Therapy with External-Beam Radiation Therapy Alone in Node-Negative Locally Advanced Cancer of the Prostate. Radiotherapy and Oncology. S5-S5. 2005
- 201 Anatomical variables may determine the value of IMRT in intermediate risk prostate cancer: A dosimetric evaluation between IMRT and 3D-CRT PLANS. Radiotherapy and Oncology. S59-S59. 2005
- A randomized trial comparing a combination of iridium implant and external beam radiation to external beam radiation alone for patients with locally advanced prostate cancer. International Journal of Radiation: Oncology - Biology - Physics. S448-S448. 2004
- Anatomical variables may determine the value of IMRT in intermediate risk prostate cancer: A dosimetric evaluation between IMRT and 3D-CRT plans.. Radiotherapy and Oncology. S38-S38. 2004
- Anatomical variables may determine the value of IMRT in intermediate risk prostate cancer: A dosimetric evaluation between IMRT and 3D-Crt plans. Radiotherapy and Oncology. S31-S31. 2004
- Correlation between two surrogate outcomes: Post-radiotherapy biopsy (PRB) and PSA failure (BCF): Results from a randomized hypofractionated study in localized prostate cancer. Radiotherapy and Oncology. S21-S21. 2004
- Post radiotherapy biopsy correlation with PSA failure: Results from a randomized hypofractionated study in localized prostate cancer. International Journal of Radiation: Oncology - Biology - Physics. S171-S171. 2004
- Role of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in transitional cell carcinoma (TCC): A systematic review. The Journal of Urology. 383-383. 2003
- The assessment of post-radiation prostatic needle biopsies for residual adenocarcinoma: A study of interobserver agreement. Modern Pathology. 166A-166A. 2002
- The assessment of post-radiation prostatic needle biopsies for residual adenocarcinoma: A study of interobserver agreement. Laboratory Investigation. 166A-166A. 2002
- PRIMITIVE NEUROECTODERMAL TUMORS OF THE UTERUS - A REPORT OF 4 CASES WITH IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL, ULTRASTRUCTURAL AND HISTOGENETIC OBSERVATIONS. Laboratory Investigation. A63-A63. 1992
- HER-2/NEU ONCOGENE AS A PROGNOSTIC FACTOR IN NODE NEGATIVE BREAST-CANCER. Breast Cancer Research and Treatment. 109-109. 1988
- THE INFLUENCE OF EXOGENOUS HORMONES ON ESTROGEN AND PROGESTERONE RECEPTORS IN PRIMARY BREAST-CARCINOMA. Breast Cancer Research and Treatment. 135-135. 1988
- LYMPH-NODE EVALUATION USING COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY AND IMMUNOLYMPHOSCINTIGRAPHY IN PROSTATE-CANCER. Clinical Radiology. 352-352. 1988
- CLINICAL-EXPERIENCE WITH A 27 MHZ HYPERTHERMIA UNIT FOR THE TREATMENT OF CANCER. International Journal of Hyperthermia. 572-572. 1987
- INTRACAVITARY RADIOTHERAPY IN GYNECOLOGICAL MALIGNANCY - THE USE OF CT TO CHECK DOSIMETRY. Clinical and Investigative Medicine. B113-B113. 1987
- THE RELATIONSHIP OF THE BLADDER AND THE CERVIX IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING INTRACAVITARY THERAPY. British Journal of Radiology. 845-845. 1986