In the past few decades, the applications of organic or polymeric semiconductors in photonics, electronics and optoelectronics have advanced significantly. This has been primarily because of improvements in the quality organic/polymeric materials after processing, as well as the processing techniques and technologies. For example, roll-to-roll, sheet-to-sheet or printing technologies are being proposed as suitable manufacturing candidates because they can be carried out at room temperature, do not require the kind of clean room environment needed for traditional semiconductor manufacturing, and are very suitable for very low-cost, high volume production. In this article, we concentrated on four types of organic semiconductor devices. Because of their huge commercial potential, a significant part of the article is devoted to light-emitting diodes (LEDs) made either with polymers or organic semiconductor materials. To improve the linewidth and enhance the efficiency of the LEDs, microcavities are discussed And for active display driver transistors and other electronic applications, thin-film transistors with organic semiconductors and all-organic transistors are described. Finally, photovoltaic cells, photodiodes, and metal–organic semiconductor junctions are discussed.
